TOP STORY: Sunlight’s Libby Watson explains what “shadow lobbyists” are and how they win friends and influence people. “If you just looked at the number of federal registered lobbyists, you would think lobbying was a dying profession,” she writes. “Since a peak of 14,829 registered lobbyists in 2007, the number has steadily declined; in 2015, it was 11,504.” Those folks and their influence aren’t gone, though: they’ve just stopped registering as lobbyists.

What’s working in cities? Half a dozen Sunlight staff are in New York City this week, attending and participating in the first annual What Works Cities Summit, including your correspondent. Keep an eye on the #WWCSummit on Twitter and the Huffington Post, which covered former New York City mayor Mike Bloomberg’s keynote from this morning.

“It’s very hard, unless you’re Donald Trump, to argue something is working when the data shows it’s not,” he noted.

National

• At Rolling Stone, Matt Taibbi digs into why the Obama administration has been less than forthcoming about some 11,000 documents related to financial policy during the financial crisis of 2008-2009:

“The Obama administration invoked executive privilege, attorney-client and deliberative process over these documents and insisted that their release would negatively impact global financial markets. But in finally unsealing some of these materials last week, a federal judge named Margaret Sweeney said the government’s sole motivation was avoiding embarrassment.

‘Instead of harm to the Nation resulting from disclosure, the only ‘harm’ presented is the potential for criticism,’ Sweeney wrote. “The court will not condone the misuse of a protective order as a shield to insulate public officials from criticism in the way they execute their public duties.’*

So what’s so embarrassing? Mainly, it’s a sordid history of the government’s seizure of mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, also known as the government-sponsored enterprises, or GSEs.”

• George Will made the case for why the federal government should declassify the full 9/11 report and the CIA’s Bay of Pigs history. [National Review]
• The U.S. Supreme Court published a transcript of the oral arguments in U.S. vs Texas, regarding the Obama administration’s immigration actions.
• The DATA Coalition published 7 things you should know about the OPEN Government Data Act
• OpenTheGovernment submitted its open government recommendations to the Department of Justice. Keep an eye out for Sunlight’s comments later this week. [OpenTheGovernment.org]
• The IRS continues to be less than open about its decisions, as you can see from this list of rejected FOIA requests. [MuckRock]
• The Federal FOIA Advisory Committee is meeting today in DC. The Office of Government Information Services published a new white paper on compliance with FOIA. Conclusion:

“The FOIA Oversight and Accountability Subcommittee compiled more than 80 previously released Inspector General, Government Accountability Office, and other reports on agencies’ compliance with the FOIA. Collectively, there were positive findings in the reports, but the reports show there are persistent challenges in implementing FOIA across the federal government. Additionally, the reports indicate that these challenges have not been effectively addressed in a systematic fashion, but rather with a “one agency at a time” approach. While challenges of resources, jurisdiction, and management make it difficult to propose specific solutions to address the issues documented in these reports, it is clear that improvements are necessary regarding the oversight and accountability of FOIA administration.”

• The committee voted to amend and approve a series of suggested improvements for fee guidance to the White House — and tweeted out the results at @FOIA_Ombuds. Two recommendations of note:
  • Agencies need unambiguous, uniform guidelines on the criteria that must be met for each fee category. These guidelines should reflect the President’s and Attorney General’s guidance on FOIA and relevant case law, including embracing members of the media who publish primarily through electronic means.
  • Provide agencies with additional guidance on what constitutes a “representative of the news media” that takes into account the changes in the journalism profession over the past 30 years due to technological advancements. These guidelines should be fair, balanced, and better enable agencies to make accurate fee category determinations. They should also clarify that fee categories are determined by the identity of the requester, not the particular request.”

State and Local

• Former Knight Foundation and Sunlight grantees Marc Joffe and Alvin Quinones wrote an op-ed about Puerto Rico’s mysterious public sector. The Center for Integrity and Public Policy (CIPP) has now published two years of financial data for all 78 of Puerto Rico’s municipios.
• Megan Rhyne argues that FOIA requests shouldn’t be “us” (the public) vs “them” (the government): “It may sound like a contradiction to ask government and citizens to both depersonalize a request and to remember the other’s humanity, but really they go hand in hand. By acting by the Golden Rule and not jumping to the conclusion that someone intends the other harm, both sides can make FOIA the conversation about access and government accountability that it is supposed to be.” [Virginia Coalition for Open Government]
• The City of San Francisco published the course materials for its Data Academy for city employees online. The outlines for New York City’s data analytics classes are also online, at Github.
• The public is going to gain more access to police disciplinary records in Maryland. [Baltimore Sun]
• Earlier this month, a Richmond Circuit Court judge earlier found four current Virginia state senators and two former senators in contempt of court because they refused to turn over email related to the 2011 redistricting process. [Washington Post]

International

• Dan Swislow argues that legislative openness is one of the Open Government Partnership’s greatest success stories. [OGP Blog]
• Global Integrity published its annual report. In a blog post at GlobalIntegrity.org, Executive Director Alan Hudson explained what they’ve learned about opening governance, data and action over the past 12 months.
• Vouliwatch published its second annual report, highlighting its work on transparency, political accountability and the Open Government Partnership agenda in Greece.